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Essay寫作如何做到降重優(yōu)化？
文章來(lái)源：原創(chuàng)??文章作者：Australiaway??發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-08-22 13:21:56 ??瀏覽次數(shù)： 次??字?jǐn)?shù)：6768 字??文章關(guān)鍵詞:essay寫作
文章導(dǎo)讀：今天要說(shuō)到讓無(wú)數(shù)人恨得要死、為了降重改的哭天喊地的Paraphrase。畢竟引用不是打兩個(gè)引號(hào)復(fù)制粘貼就能湊字?jǐn)?shù)完事的，無(wú)論國(guó)內(nèi)外，都有查重率這個(gè)大敵在等著你。想要引用別人的論...
今天要說(shuō)到讓無(wú)數(shù)人恨得要死、為了降重改的哭天喊地的“Paraphrase”。畢竟引用不是打兩個(gè)引號(hào)復(fù)制粘貼就能湊字?jǐn)?shù)完事的，無(wú)論國(guó)內(nèi)外，都有查重率這個(gè)大敵在等著你。想要引用別人的論點(diǎn)論據(jù)，就少不了需要用自己的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行整理，不然就是在“抄襲”！在學(xué)術(shù)論文是絕對(duì)零容忍的！一定要注意！可是，是不是對(duì)這個(gè)用不重復(fù)的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出同樣的內(nèi)涵這種高難度的操作咬牙切齒？尤其，掐指一算，目前為畢業(yè)論文想辦法改改改的同學(xué)，八成正在為此發(fā)愁。把一段話重新表述，看上去簡(jiǎn)單做起來(lái)難，尤其又不能漏過(guò)重要信息。復(fù)述這個(gè)活，不是那么好干。怎么復(fù)述，依舊是有要點(diǎn)和技巧的，也就是想要盡可能的降低抄襲率還是有套路滴。這次我們就結(jié)合幾個(gè)例子，一起來(lái)看看Essay寫作中如何正確的進(jìn)行改寫降重。
Essay修改潤(rùn)色
事先說(shuō)明案例較多內(nèi)容相對(duì)枯燥，但，僅花15分鐘就可以掌握正確的改寫技巧，是不是很劃算呢？新生老手都可以看看學(xué)學(xué)哦~那么現(xiàn)在，開始正文！
Paraphrase的基本要點(diǎn)
1、引用并不是僅僅改變幾個(gè)單詞，或者調(diào)整一下順序就是了。這里有一個(gè)必要的前提，就是用“自己的話”表述！用自己的話，就難免帶上自己的文章的“理解”。畢竟“引用”“引用”就是引別人的東西化為己用。沒(méi)有這個(gè)化為己用的過(guò)程，就是難免就會(huì)顯得“消化不良”。如果文章里東一句西一句，每個(gè)引用都帶著別的作者的文風(fēng)，文章就會(huì)變成一篇“懶婆娘的裹腳布——又臭又長(zhǎng)”，當(dāng)然重復(fù)率也會(huì)是一片通紅。
2、其次，paraphrase和summary還是有差別的。
paraphrase和summary確實(shí)是比較像，因?yàn)槎际窃谟米约旱脑捜ッ枋鲆粋€(gè)resource的內(nèi)容。但是，實(shí)質(zhì)上，差之毫厘卻謬之千里。paraphrase也可以說(shuō)是rewording，rephrasing，rewriting，rendition，必須把引用的resource的關(guān)鍵要點(diǎn)和主要論點(diǎn)都囊括，通常paraphrase會(huì)包含詳細(xì)的信息，在長(zhǎng)度上經(jīng)常會(huì)跟引用的source段落一樣長(zhǎng)，甚至更長(zhǎng)。summary可能就只會(huì)摘要文章的簡(jiǎn)單概括，三言兩語(yǔ)總結(jié)清楚就可以，所以會(huì)比原來(lái)的source短很多。無(wú)論是哪一種，都要做到：不曲解原意，客觀嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乇磉_(dá)。You can’t leave out words or add words to make the source fit into your paper if it changes the meaning.
3、還有一個(gè)寫作時(shí)候的小建議，如果需要引用文獻(xiàn)，一定要在自己理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行引用，知其意而用之。如果你并不理解文意，只是為了“引用”而“引用”，很容易鬧出笑話來(lái)。
4、下一步是在你要引用的source里面找到合適的需要引用的段落。因?yàn)槟悴豢梢詒ewrite全篇的文獻(xiàn)（不然就是全篇抄襲了），而且通常來(lái)說(shuō)，一次也不要引用超過(guò)一個(gè)段落以上的內(nèi)容。
5、最后，引用完了自己再仔細(xì)讀一下自己的文章，讀不讀得通。有可能技術(shù)水平不過(guò)關(guān)引用完了自己都看不懂了，萬(wàn)一讀不通，可要注意及時(shí)修改。有時(shí)候看的文獻(xiàn)多了，隔幾天再檢查的時(shí)候都會(huì)忘記，“天吶，我還引用過(guò)這個(gè)文獻(xiàn)嗎？”
下面來(lái)看具體例子啦：
舉例一：“Police:Man breaks into Austin meat business,naps”
注意按照規(guī)定的Reference格式要求注明引用來(lái)源：
原文：
“AUSTIN,Texas(AP)—Police have arrested a 28-year-old man who they say broke into an Austin business,stole a couple of sausages and fell asleep.”
“德克薩斯州，奧斯汀市（美聯(lián)社）-警方逮捕了一名28歲的男子，這名男子闖入奧斯汀市的一家店，偷了幾根香腸，然后竟然睡著了。”
錯(cuò)誤示例：
A 28-year-old man in Austin,Texas didn’t break into a business and run,like most criminals.Instead,he took several sausages then simply fell asleep inside the business.
沒(méi)有注明參考來(lái)源。
正確示范：
A 28 year old man in Austin,Texas didn’t break into a business and run,like most criminals.Instead,he took several sausages then simply fell asleep inside the business(“Police:Man breaks into Austin meat business,sleeps”).
德克薩斯州奧斯汀的一名28歲男子并沒(méi)有像大多數(shù)罪犯那樣犯案后就逃跑。相反，他只偷了幾根香腸，而且竟然在作案現(xiàn)場(chǎng)睡了（“警察：男子闖入奧斯汀肉店后，睡了”）。
這段引用是按照MLA引用格式。ps:這個(gè)只是簡(jiǎn)單的新聞?wù)Z音，只是為了大家方便理解，學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)有時(shí)候更需要paraphrase的技術(shù)含量，大家今后可要多多練習(xí)。
舉例二：“Police:Man fled crash to avoid yelling girlfriend”
不要照著原句改動(dòng)幾個(gè)單詞了事，Paraphrase不是原句照搬。
原文：
“VINELAND,N.J.(AP)—Police in New Jersey say a man told officers he fled the scene of an auto accident because he‘didn’t want to deal with his girlfriend yelling at him.’”
“新澤西州VINELAND（美聯(lián)社）-新澤西警方稱，一名男子告訴警員，他逃離了車禍現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，因?yàn)?rdquo;女友一直吵鬧他不知道該怎么辦。“
錯(cuò)誤示例：
New Jersey police state a man said he left the scene of a car accident because he didn’t want to deal with his girlfriend yelling at him(“Police:Man fled crash to avoid yelling girlfriend”).
這個(gè)引用基本就是在原文的基礎(chǔ)上改了幾個(gè)單詞，把say改成state，但是大多數(shù)單詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu)都太接近原文了。
正確示范：
A man in New Jersey seemed to think leaving the scene of a car crash and being arrested was a better option than listening to his girlfriend yell.He told the police he fled because he didn’t want to listen to her yell at him(“Police:Man fled crash to avoid yelling girlfriend”).
新澤西州的一名男子似乎認(rèn)為只要不被女友叫喊糾纏就算肇事逃逸被捕也是更好的選擇。他告訴警方，他逃離是因?yàn)樗幌肼犈岩恢焙敖校?ldquo;警察：男子為逃避喊叫的女友而選擇肇事逃逸”）
舉例三：Plumber Caught Dancing On The Job Has All The Fly Moves.
有時(shí)候甚至有必要在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行延伸。記住不能遺漏關(guān)鍵要點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)。
原文：
“The video of Topen’s dancing has racked up more than 400,000 views since it was posted on YouTube last week,and the plumber says he’s already been approached in public for his autograph.”
“自從上周在YouTube發(fā)布視頻后，Topen的舞蹈視頻已播放超過(guò)40萬(wàn)次，這名水管工表示公眾場(chǎng)合已經(jīng)有人找他要簽名了。”
錯(cuò)誤示例：
The video has racked up more than 400,000 views since posted on YouTube last week,and the plumber has even been approached for his autograph.
沒(méi)有引用參考文獻(xiàn)，和原句措辭結(jié)構(gòu)上都太相似。
正確示范：
Even though the YouTube video of the dancing plumber was only posted last week,it has already had more than 400,000 views.Topen has become an almost instant celebrity as strangers have even asked him for autographs(“Plumber Caught Dancing On The Job Has All The Fly Moves”).
盡管水管工的YouTube舞蹈視頻上周才發(fā)布，但它已經(jīng)有超過(guò)40萬(wàn)的觀看次數(shù)。Topen幾乎一夜成名，因?yàn)樯踔劣心吧苏宜灻?ldquo;管道工被抓拍到在工作中跳各種舞蹈動(dòng)作”）。
舉例四：These Are Miley Cyrus’Crazy Dating Rules.
轉(zhuǎn)述不是亂說(shuō)也不是摘要，必須不偏離原意，同時(shí)也不要遺漏任何關(guān)鍵。
原文：
“According to Heat magazine,Miley has a list of intense rules for her men-to-be while out on dates.Apparently her assistant arranges what the guy must wear,do,and talk about on the date.She’s also not into flowers,so he’s banned from bringing her those.”
“據(jù)”熱火“雜志報(bào)道，麥莉在約會(huì)時(shí)列出了一系列關(guān)于她的男朋友要遵守的詳細(xì)細(xì)則。顯然，她的助手會(huì)安排這個(gè)家伙必須穿什么，做什么，并在約會(huì)時(shí)談?wù)撌裁?。她也不喜歡花，所以她男票也被禁止帶花給她。“
錯(cuò)誤示例：
According to Heat magazine,Miley Cyrus has a list of rules for her men on dates.Her assistant arranges what guys wear and what they talk about.She doesn’t like flowers,either(“These Are Miley Cyrus’Crazy Dating Rules”).
這甚至算不上意譯。它遺漏了幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵字。請(qǐng)記住，paraphrase必須提供與原文相同的信息，并且一定要用自己的話表述。
正確示范：
As stated in Heat magazine,Miley Cyrus has a number of bizarre rules for dating.She’s so specific about what her dates wear,say,and do,that she has her assistant enforce these rules on dates.Cyrus doesn’t even like flowers and won’t let her dates buy them for her(“These Are Miley Cyrus’Crazy Dating Rules”).
正如《熱火》雜志所述，米莉·賽勒斯有許多奇怪的約會(huì)規(guī)則。她對(duì)約會(huì)對(duì)象穿什么、說(shuō)什么、做什么都很明確的要求，以至于讓她的助手在約會(huì)時(shí)執(zhí)行這些規(guī)則。賽勒斯甚至不喜歡花，也不讓她的約會(huì)對(duì)象為她買花（“這是麥莉賽勒斯瘋狂的約會(huì)規(guī)則”）。
舉例五：Top 12 Bizarre Pet Accidents.
注意細(xì)節(jié)，Paraphrase不是摘要，要客觀的進(jìn)行復(fù)述，包括細(xì)節(jié)！
原文：
“Often,a dog will chase an animal with the focus of a heat-seeking missile.But a wheelbarrow planter was not part of Belgian sheepdog Rider’s focus.Rider collided with the wheelbarrow while the squirrel escaped up a cedar tree in Joyce Biethan’s backyard.
“He’s kind of an all-or-nothing dog and he went into‘all,'”Biethan said.“He chased after that squirrel with total disregard of what might be in front of him.”
His collision left Rider with a broken scapula,a broken rib and a punctured lung.
“He was in so much pain that I think he just tried to lay low,”Biethan said.“He prescribed himself bedrest.”
Biethan said Rider did not need surgery and made a full recovery.”
錯(cuò)誤示例：
A dog named Rider ran into a wheelbarrow but didn’t need surgery(“Top 12 Bizarre Pet Accidents”).
Can you guess what’s missing from this paraphrase?Details!
The example does paraphrase some information,but it reads more like a summary,as it’s missing key details from the story.
這更像是摘要而不是paraphrase，因?yàn)槿鄙訇P(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)。
正確示范：
Like many dogs,a Belgian sheepdog named Rider became so focused on chasing down a squirrel that he paid no attention to the wheelbarrow directly in front of him.The squirrel got away,but Rider collided head on with the wheelbarrow.Rider broke his scapula,broke a rib,and also punctured a lung.Though he was likely in a lot of pain,he only needed rest.He did not have to have surgery”(“Top 12 Bizarre Pet Accidents”).
像許多狗一樣，一只名叫Rider的比利時(shí)牧羊犬變得如此專注于追捕一只松鼠，以至于他沒(méi)有注意到在他前面的獨(dú)輪車。松鼠逃走了，但Rider與手推車正面相撞。Rider的肩胛骨骨折，肋骨骨折，肺部也被刺穿。雖然它可能很痛苦，但Rider只需要休息，不必動(dòng)手術(shù)。（”12個(gè)奇怪的寵物事故“）
最后總結(jié)
什么是好的Paraphrase？
1、包括引用原文的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)
2、用你自己的話表達(dá)，并使用你自己的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
3、重點(diǎn)是在其意不在其形
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